Umsebenzi obandayo intsimbi die isetyenziswa ikakhulu isitampu, blanking, ukubumba, ukugoba, extrusion ebandayo, umzobo ebandayo, metallurgy umgubo uyafa, njl Ifuna ubulukhuni eliphezulu, ukumelana ukunxiba eliphezulu kunye nokuqina ngokwaneleyo.Ngokuqhelekileyo zahlulwe zibe ngamacandelo amabini: uhlobo oluqhelekileyo kunye nohlobo olulodwa.Ngokomzekelo, umsebenzi obandayo owenziwe ngokubanzi we-die steel eUnited States udla ngokubandakanya amabanga amane entsimbi: 01, A2, D2, kunye ne-D3.Ukuthelekiswa amabakala entsimbi jikelele-injongo ebandayo umsebenzi ingxubevange die steel kumazwe ahlukeneyo kuboniswe kwiThebhile 4. Ngokutsho umgangatho Japanese JIS, iintlobo eziphambili umsebenzi obandayo die steel ezinokusetyenziswa SK series, kuquka SK series. carbon isixhobo steel, 8 SKD series ingxubevange steels isixhobo, kunye 9 SKHMO series high-speed steels, ukuba iyonke 24 amabakala entsimbi.I-GB / T1299-2000 ye-alloy yesixhobo se-alloy yaseChina i-alloy standard iquka i-11 yeentlobo zentsimbi ezipheleleyo, ezenza uluhlu olupheleleyo.Ngotshintsho kwitekhnoloji yokucubungula, izinto ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nemfuno yokubumba, uchungechunge oluyisiseko olusisiseko alukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno.Japanese zokusila zentsimbi kunye nesixhobo enkulu yaseYurophu kunye nabavelisi zentsimbi die baye baphuhlisa-injongo eyodwa ebandayo umsebenzi die intsimbi, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe waqulunqwa Umsebenzi obandayo ufe uthotho intsimbi, uphuhliso lwezi ntsimbi ezibandayo umsebenzi die nayo isalathiso uphuhliso umsebenzi obandayo die steel.
Umoya ophantsi we-alloy ocima umsebenzi obandayo ufe intsimbi
Ngophuhliso lobuchwepheshe bonyango lobushushu, ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwetekhnoloji yokucima i-vacuum kushishino lokungunda, ukuze kuncitshiswe i-deformation yokucima, ezinye iintsimbi ze-micro-deformation ziphuhlisiwe ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.Olu hlobo lwentsimbi ludinga ukuqina okulungileyo kunye nokuphathwa kokushisa Ine-deformation encinci, amandla alungileyo kunye nokuqina, kwaye inokumelana nokunxiba okuthile.Nangona umgangatho ophezulu we-alloy obandayo umsebenzi we-die steel (ofana ne-D2, i-A2) inobunzima obuhle, inomxholo ophezulu we-alloy kwaye iyabiza.Ke ngoko, ezinye iintsimbi eziphantsi kwe-alloy micro-deformation ziye zaphuhliswa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.Olu hlobo lwensimbi ngokubanzi luqulethe izinto ze-alloy Cr kunye ne-Mn i-alloy elements ukuphucula ukuqina.Umxholo opheleleyo wezinto ze-alloy ngokubanzi <5%.Ifanelekile ukuvelisa iindawo ezichanekileyo kunye neebhetshi ezincinci zokuvelisa.Imibumbo entsonkothileyo.Amanqanaba ensimbi amele abandakanya i-A6 evela e-United States, i-ACD37 esuka kwi-Hitachi Metals, i-G04 esuka kwi-Daido Special Steel, i-AKS3 esuka kwi-Aichi Steel, njl njl. ye-austenite egciniweyo kwaye inamandla amahle, ukuqina kunye nokuzinza komda.Ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza isitampu esibandayo esifayo esithande ukuqhekeka kunye nokwaphuka.Ubomi benkonzo ephezulu.
Idangatye lacima intsimbi yokungunda
Ukuze unciphise umjikelezo wokuvelisa i-mold, yenza lula inkqubo yonyango lokushisa, ulondoloze amandla kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa i-mold.IJapan iphuhlise iintsimbi ezikhethekileyo ezibandayo zokusebenza kwiimfuno zokucima amadangatye.Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-Aichi Steel's SX105V (7CrSiMnMoV), i-SX4 (Cr8), i-HMD5 ye-Hitachi Metal, i-HMD1, i-Datong Special Steel Company ye-G05 yensimbi, njl njl. I-China iphuhlise i-7Cr7SiMnMoV.Olu hlobo lwentsimbi lungasetyenziselwa ukutshisa i-blade okanye ezinye iindawo zokubumba usebenzisa i-oxyacetylene spray gun okanye ezinye izifudumezi emva kokuba i-mold iqhutywe kwaye ipholile emoyeni kwaye icinywe.Ngokuqhelekileyo, inokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo emva kokucima.Ngenxa yenkqubo yayo elula, isetyenziswa kakhulu eJapan.Uhlobo lwensimbi olumele olu hlobo lwensimbi yi-7CrSiMnMoV, enobunzima obuhle.Xa intsimbi ye-φ80mm i-oyile icinyiwe, ubunzima kumgama we-30mm ukusuka phezulu kunokufikelela kwi-60HRC.Umahluko kubulukhuni phakathi kondoqo kunye nomphezulu yi-3HRC.Xa ilangatye licima, Emva kokufudumala kwi-180 ~ 200 ° C kunye nokufudumeza kwi-900-1000 ° C yokucima ngompu wokutshiza, ubunzima bunokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-60HRC kunye noluhlu olunzima ngaphezu kwe-1.5mm lunokufumaneka.
Ukuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu kokusebenza okubandayo kufa yintsimbi
Ukuze kuphuculwe ukuqina komsebenzi obandayo wentsimbi yokufa kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kwentsimbi, ezinye iinkampani ezinkulu zokuvelisa intsimbi yangaphandle ziye zaphuhlisa ngokulandelelana iintsimbi zokufa ezibandayo ezinobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu.Olu hlobo lwensimbi luqulethe ngokubanzi malunga ne-1% yekhabhoni kunye ne-8% yeCr.Ngokudityaniswa kwe-Mo, V, Si kunye nezinye izinto ze-alloying, i-carbides yayo ilungile, isasazwa ngokulinganayo, kwaye ukuqina kwayo kuphezulu kakhulu kunohlobo lwe-Cr12 yensimbi, ngelixa ukuxhatshazwa kwayo kufana..Ukuqina kwabo, amandla okuguquguquka, amandla okudinwa kunye nokuqina kokwaphuka kuphezulu, kwaye ukuzinza kwabo okuchasayo kuphezulu kunentsimbi yohlobo lwe-Crl2.Ziyafaneleka kwi-punches ye-high-speed kunye ne-multi-station punches.Iintlobo zetsimbi ezimele zolu hlobo lwensimbi ziyi-DC53 yaseJapan enomxholo ophantsi we-V kunye ne-CRU-WEAR enomxholo ophezulu we-V.I-DC53 icinyiwe kwi-1020-1040 ° C kwaye ubunzima bunokufikelela kwi-62-63HRC emva kokupholisa umoya.Iyakwazi ukunyanzeliswa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi (180 ~ 200 ℃) kunye nokushisa okuphezulu (500 ~ 550 ℃), ukuqina kwayo kunokuba ngamaxesha angama-1 aphezulu kune-D2, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kokukhathala kuku-20% ngaphezulu kwe-D2;emva kwe-CRU-WEAR yokubumba kunye nokuqengqeleka, iyafakwa kwaye iqiniselwe kwi-850-870℃.Ngaphantsi kwe-30 ℃ / iyure, ipholile ukuya kwi-650 ℃ kwaye ikhululwe, ubunzima bunokufikelela kwi-225-255HB, ubushushu bokucima bunokukhethwa kuluhlu lwe-1020 ~ 1120 ℃, ubunzima bunokufikelela kwi-63HRC, bubushushu kwi-480 ~ 570 ℃ ukuya kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa, kunye nesibini esicacileyo Umphumo wokuqina, ukunyamezela ukunxiba kunye nokuqina kungcono kune-D2.
Isiseko sentsimbi (High-speed steel)
Intsimbi enesantya esiphezulu isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumazwe angaphandle ukuvelisa ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukungunda okubandayo okuhlala ixesha elide ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye nokuqina kwayo okubomvu, njengentsimbi yaseJapan eqhelekileyo enesantya esiphezulu SKH51 (W6Mo5Cr4V2).Ukuze ulungelelanise neemfuno zokubumba, ukuqina kudla ngokuphuculwa ngokunciphisa ubushushu bokucima, ukucima ubunzima okanye ukunciphisa umxholo wekhabhoni kwintsimbi ephezulu.Intsimbi ye-matrix iphuhliswa kwintsimbi yesantya esiphezulu, kwaye ukubunjwa kwayo kweekhemikhali kufana nokubunjwa kwe-matrix yensimbi enesantya esiphezulu emva kokucima.Ngoko ke, inani le-carbides eseleyo emva kokucima lincinci kwaye lihanjiswe ngokulinganayo, eliphucula kakhulu ukuqina kwentsimbi xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi ephezulu.I-United States ne-Japan zifunde iintsimbi ezisisiseko ezinamabakala iVascoMA, iVascoMatrix1 kunye neMOD2 ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1970.Kutshanje, i-DRM1, DRM2, DRM3, njl.njl.Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukubumba okubandayo okudinga ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokuzinza okungcono kokuchasana nokucaphuka.I-China iye yavelisa ezinye iintsimbi ezisisiseko, ezifana ne-65Nb (65Cr4W3Mo2VNb), 65W8Cr4VTi, 65Cr5Mo3W2VSiTi kunye nezinye iintsimbi.Olu hlobo lwentsimbi lunamandla amahle kunye nokuqina kwaye lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-extrusion ebandayo, ipleyiti eshinyeneyo yokubethelwa ngenqindi ebandayo, amavili aqengqelekayo intambo, imvakalelo iyafa, intloko ebandayo iyafa, njl. njl., kwaye ingasetyenziswa njengoko kufa okufudumeleyo.
Intsimbi yokubumba i-powder metallurgy
I-LEDB-uhlobo oluphezulu lwe-alloy ebandayo lusebenza ngentsimbi eveliswa yinkqubo eqhelekileyo, ngokukodwa izixhobo zecandelo elikhulu, zinee-carbides ze-eutectic kunye nokusabalalisa okungalinganiyo, okunciphisa kakhulu ukuqina, ukuguqa kunye ne-isotropy yentsimbi.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinkampani ezinkulu zentsimbi zangaphandle ezikhethekileyo ezivelisa isixhobo kunye nentsimbi yokufa ziye zagxila ekuphuhliseni uchungechunge lwesinyithi sesinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu kunye ne-high-alloy die steel, nto leyo ekhokelele ekuphuhliseni ngokukhawuleza kolu hlobo lwentsimbi.Ukusebenzisa inkqubo ye-metallurgy ye-powder, i-atomized steel powder ipholisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye i-carbides eyenziwe ilungile kwaye ifanayo, ephucula kakhulu ukuqina, ukugaya kunye ne-isotropy ye-mold material.Ngenxa yale nkqubo yokuvelisa ekhethekileyo, i-carbides ilungile kwaye ifanayo, kunye nokusebenza kwe-machinability kunye nokugaya kuphuculwe, ukuvumela ukuba i-carbon ephezulu kunye ne-vanadium umxholo wongezwe kwintsimbi, ngaloo ndlela iphuhlisa uluhlu lweentlobo zetsimbi ezintsha.Ngokomzekelo, i-series ye-DEX yaseJapan ye-Datong (i-DEX40, i-DEX60, i-DEX80, njl.), i-series ye-HAP ye-Hitachi Metal, i-Fujikoshi's FAX series, i-UDDEHOLM's VANADIS series, i-ASP yaseFransi ye-Erasteel, kunye ne-American CRUCIBLE i-powder powder ye-powder iphuhlisa isixhobo ngokukhawuleza kwaye ifa. .Ukwenza uluhlu lwezinsimbi ze-powder metallurgy ezifana ne-CPMlV, i-CPM3V, i-CPMlOV, i-CPM15V, njl., ukuxhathisa kwabo ukunxiba kunye nokuqina kuphuculwe kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nesixhobo kunye nentsimbi yokufa eyenziwe ngeenkqubo eziqhelekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-02-2024