Intsimbi yentsimbi esebenza ngomatshini isetyenziswa kakhulu ekunyatheliseni, ekuvaleni, ekubumbeni, ekugobeni, ekukhupheni okubandayo, ekutsaleni okubandayo, kwiidayi ze-powder metallurgy, njl. Ifuna ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu kunye nokuqina okwaneleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: uhlobo oluqhelekileyo kunye nohlobo olukhethekileyo. Umzekelo, intsimbi yentsimbi esebenza ngomatshini ebandayo eMelika idla ngokuquka amanqanaba amane entsimbi: 01, A2, D2, kunye ne-D3. Uthelekiso lwamanqanaba entsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi esebenza ngomatshini ebandayo kumazwe ahlukeneyo luboniswe kwiTheyibhile 4. Ngokomgangatho waseJapan weJIS, iintlobo eziphambili zentsimbi esebenza ngomatshini ebandayo ezinokusetyenziswa zii-SK series, kubandakanya i-SK series carbon tool steel, ii-8 SKD series alloy tool steels, kunye nee-9 SKHMO series high-speed steels, kwiidayi zentsimbi ezingama-24 zizonke. Umgangatho wentsimbi yentsimbi ye-GB/T1299-2000 yaseTshayina uquka iintlobo zentsimbi ezili-11 zizonke, ezenza uthotho olupheleleyo. Ngotshintsho kubuchwepheshe bokucubungula, izinto ezicutshungulwayo kunye nemfuno yeemolds, uthotho olusisiseko lokuqala alunakwanelisa iimfuno. Iifektri zentsimbi zaseJapan kunye nabavelisi abakhulu bezixhobo kunye neentsimbi ezitshileyo baseYurophu baye baphuhlisa intsimbi etshileyo esetyenziselwa injongo ekhethekileyo, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe benza uthotho lweentsimbi ezitshileyo ezisetyenziswa kwindawo ebandayo, uphuhliso lwezi ntsimbi zitshileyo ezisetyenziswa kwindawo ebandayo lukwayindlela yophuhliso lwentsimbi etshileyo esetyenziswa kwindawo ebandayo.
Intsimbi ebandayo yokucima umoya obandayo engaphantsi kwe-alloy
Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokunyanga ubushushu, ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwetekhnoloji yokucima i-vacuum kwishishini lokubumba, ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuguquka kokucima, kuye kwaphuhliswa ezinye iintsimbi ze-micro-deformation ezicinywe umoya eziphantsi kwe-alloy. Olu hlobo lwentsimbi lufuna ukuqina okuhle kunye nonyango lobushushu. Lunokuguquguquka okuncinci, amandla amahle kunye nokuqina, kwaye lunokuxhathisa ukuguguleka okuthile. Nangona intsimbi eqhelekileyo ye-high-alloy cold work die (efana ne-D2, A2) inokuqina okuhle, inomxholo we-alloy ophezulu kwaye ibiza kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ezinye iintsimbi ze-low-alloy micro-deformation ziye zaphuhliswa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Olu hlobo lwentsimbi ngokubanzi luqulathe izinto ze-alloy Cr kunye nezinto ze-Mn alloy ukuphucula ukuqina. Umxholo opheleleyo wezinto ze-alloy ngokubanzi ungaphantsi kwe-5%. Ifanelekile ukuvelisa iindawo ezichanekileyo ezineebhetshi ezincinci zemveliso. Ii-molds ezintsonkothileyo. Iindidi zentsimbi ezimeleyo ziquka i-A6 evela eMelika, i-ACD37 evela kwi-Hitachi Metals, i-G04 evela kwi-Daido Special Steel, i-AKS3 evela kwi-Aichi Steel, njl. Intsimbi ye-GD yaseTshayina, emva kokucima kwi-900°C kunye nokufudumala kwi-200°C, inokugcina inani elithile le-austenite egciniweyo kwaye inamandla amahle, ukuqina kunye nozinzo olulinganayo. Ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza ii-dies ezibandayo ezinokuthi ziqhekeke kwaye ziqhekeke. Ubomi benkonzo ephezulu.
Isinyithi sokubumba esicinyiweyo selangatye
Ukuze kufinyezwe umjikelo wokwenziwa kwesikhunta, kwenziwe lula inkqubo yonyango lobushushu, kongiwe umbane kwaye kuncitshiswe iindleko zokwenziwa kwesikhunta. IJapan iphuhlise ezinye iintsimbi ezikhethekileyo zokwenziwa kwesikhunta ezifunekayo ukuze kucinywe ilangabi. Eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-SX105V ka-Aichi Steel (7CrSiMnMoV), i-SX4 (Cr8), i-HMD5 ka-Hitachi Metal, i-HMD1, i-Datong Special Steel Company's G05 steel, njl. I-China iphuhlise i-7Cr7SiMnMoV. Olu hlobo lwentsimbi lungasetyenziselwa ukufudumeza i-blade okanye ezinye iindawo zesikhunta kusetyenziswa i-oxyacetylene spray gun okanye ezinye izifudumezi emva kokuba isikhunta sicutshungulwe size sipholiswe ngumoya kwaye sicinywe. Ngokubanzi, singasetyenziswa ngqo emva kokucima. Ngenxa yenkqubo yaso elula, sisetyenziswa kakhulu eJapan. Uhlobo lwentsimbi olumele olu hlobo lwentsimbi yi-7CrSiMnMoV, enokuqina okuhle. Xa intsimbi ye-φ80mm icinyiwe ioyile, ubunzima obukumgama we-30mm ukusuka kumphezulu bunokufikelela kwi-60HRC. Umahluko kubunzima phakathi kwesiseko nomphezulu yi-3HRC. Xa ilangatye licinywa, Emva kokufudumeza kwangaphambili kwi-180 ~ 200°C kunye nokufudumeza ukuya kwi-900-1000°C ukuze kucinywe nge-spray gun, ubunzima bungafikelela kwi-60HRC kwaye umaleko oqinileyo ongaphezulu kwe-1.5mm ungafunyanwa.
Ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana okuphezulu kokuguguleka okubandayo kwentsimbi yokusebenza
Ukuze kuphuculwe ukuqina kwentsimbi ebandayo esebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa ukumelana nokuguguleka kwentsimbi, ezinye iinkampani ezinkulu zemveliso yentsimbi yokungunda zangaphandle ziye zaphuhlisa ngokulandelelana uthotho lweentsimbi ezibandayo ezisebenzayo ezinobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu. Olu hlobo lwentsimbi luhlala luqulathe malunga ne-1% yekhabhoni kunye ne-8% Cr. Ngokongeza i-Mo, i-V, i-Si kunye nezinye izinto zokudibanisa, ii-carbides zayo zilungile, zisasazwe ngokulinganayo, kwaye ubunzima bayo buphezulu kakhulu kunobo bentsimbi yohlobo lwe-Cr12, ngelixa ukumelana nokuguguleka kwayo kufana. . Ubunzima bazo, amandla okuguquguquka, amandla okudinwa kunye nokuqina kokuqhekeka kuphezulu, kwaye ukuzinza kwazo okuchasene nokuthomalalisa kuphezulu kunentsimbi yokungunda yohlobo lwe-Crl2. Zifanelekile kwiipunch ezikhawulezayo kunye neepunch ezininzi. Iintlobo zentsimbi ezimeleyo zolu hlobo lwentsimbi yi-DC53 yaseJapan enomxholo ophantsi we-V kunye ne-CRU-WEAR enomxholo ophezulu we-V. I-DC53 icinyiwe kwi-1020-1040°C kwaye ubunzima bungafikelela kwi-62-63HRC emva kokupholisa komoya. Ingathomalaliswa kubushushu obuphantsi (180 ~ 200℃) kunye nobushushu obuphezulu (500~ 550℃), ukuqina kwayo kunokuba ngaphezulu ngokuphindwe ka-1 kune-D2, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kokudinwa kungaphezulu ngama-20% kune-D2; emva kokubumba nokuqengqeleka kwe-CRU-WEAR, iyaqhoboshelwa kwaye iqiniswe kwi-850-870℃. Ngaphantsi kwama-30℃/iyure, ipholiswe ukuya kuma-650℃ kwaye ikhululwe, ubunzima bunokufikelela kuma-225-255HB, ubushushu bokucima bunokukhethwa kuluhlu lwe-1020 ~ 1120℃, ubunzima bunokufikelela kuma-63HRC, buqiniswe kwi-480 ~ 570℃ ngokweemeko zokusetyenziswa, kunye nesibini esicacileyo Isiphumo sokuqina, ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye nokuqina kungcono kune-D2.
Isiseko sentsimbi (intsimbi ekhawulezayo)
Intsimbi ekhawulezayo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwamanye amazwe ukwenza ii-molds ezisebenza kakuhle nezihlala ixesha elide ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokuguguleka kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye nobunzima obubomvu, njengentsimbi eqhelekileyo yaseJapan ekhawulezayo i-SKH51 (W6Mo5Cr4V2). Ukuze ivumelane neemfuno ze-mold, ubunzima buhlala buphuculwa ngokunciphisa ubushushu bokucima, ukucima ubunzima okanye ukunciphisa umxholo wekhabhoni kwintsimbi ekhawulezayo. Intsimbi ye-matrix yenziwe ngentsimbi ekhawulezayo, kwaye ukwakheka kwayo kweekhemikhali kufana nokwakheka kwe-matrix yentsimbi ekhawulezayo emva kokucima. Ke ngoko, inani lee-carbides eziseleyo emva kokucima lincinci kwaye lisasazwe ngokulinganayo, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukuqina kwentsimbi xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi ekhawulezayo. I-United States neJapan zifunde ii-base steels ezinee-grades ze-VascoMA, i-VascoMatrix1 kunye ne-MOD2 ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970. Kutshanje, i-DRM1, i-DRM2, i-DRM3, njl. ziye zaphuhliswa. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ii-molds zomsebenzi obandayo ezifuna ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokuzinza okungcono kokulwa nobushushu. I-China ikwaphuhlise ezinye iintsimbi ezisisiseko, ezifana ne-65Nb (65Cr4W3Mo2VNb), i-65W8Cr4VTi, i-65Cr5Mo3W2VSiTi kunye nezinye iintsimbi. Olu hlobo lwentsimbi lunamandla kwaye luqinile kwaye lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-cold extrusion, i-thick plate cold punching, amavili e-thread rolling, i-impression dies, i-cold heading dies, njl.njl., kwaye lungasetyenziswa njengee-warm extrusion dies.
Isinyithi sokubumba sePowder metallurgy
Intsimbi ye-LEDB enee-alloy cold work die steel eveliswa ziinkqubo zemveli, ingakumbi izixhobo ezinkulu, inee-carbides ezirhabaxa kunye nokusasazwa okungalinganiyo, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ukuqina, ukugoba kunye ne-isotropy yentsimbi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinkampani ezinkulu zentsimbi zangaphandle ezivelisa izixhobo kunye ne-die steel zigxile ekuphuhliseni uthotho lwe-powder metallurgy high-speed steel kunye ne-high-alloy die steel, nto leyo ekhokelele ekuphuhlisweni ngokukhawuleza kolu hlobo lwentsimbi. Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-powder metallurgy, i-atomized steel powder iyaphola ngokukhawuleza kwaye ii-carbides ezenziweyo zilungile kwaye ziyafana, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukuqina, ukugoba kunye ne-isotropy yezinto zokubumba. Ngenxa yale nkqubo ikhethekileyo yemveliso, ii-carbides zilungile kwaye ziyafana, kwaye ukusebenza kwe-machinability kunye ne-grinding kuyaphucuka, okuvumela ukuba kongezwe umxholo ophezulu we-carbon kunye ne-vanadium kwintsimbi, ngaloo ndlela kuphuhliswe uthotho lweentlobo ezintsha zentsimbi. Umzekelo, uthotho lwe-DEX lwaseDatong lwaseJapan (DEX40, DEX60, DEX80, njl.njl.), uthotho lwe-HAP lukaHitachi Metal, uthotho lwe-FAX lukaFujikoshi, uthotho lwe-VANADIS lukaUDDEHOLM, uthotho lwe-ASP luka-Erasteel lwaseFransi, kunye nesixhobo se-powder metallurgy senkampani yaseMelika i-CRUCIBLE zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Zisenza uthotho lweentsimbi ze-powder metallurgy ezifana ne-CPMlV, CPM3V, CPMlOV, CPM15V, njl.njl., ukumelana kwazo nokuguguleka kuphuculwe kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi yesixhobo neye-die eyenziwe ziinkqubo eziqhelekileyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-02-2024
