Ngenxa yokuba umbhobho uxhaphake kakhulu kumashishini amaninzi, ayimangalisi into yokuba inani lemigangatho eyahlukeneyo imibutho ibe nefuthe kwimveliso novavanyo lombhobho ukuze usetyenziswe kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.
Njengoko uza kubona, kukho ukugqithelana kokubini kunye nomahluko phakathi kwemigangatho yemibutho ekufuneka abathengi bayiqonde ukuze baqinisekise iispecs ezichanekileyo zeeprojekthi zabo.
1. ASTM
I-ASTM International ibonelela ngemathiriyeli yoshishino kunye nemigangatho yenkonzo kuluhlu olubanzi lwamacandelo oshishino.Umbutho upapashe ngaphezulu kwemigangatho ye-12,000 esetyenziswayo ngoku kumashishini kwihlabathi liphela.
Ngaphezulu kwe-100 yaloo migangatho ibhekiselele kumbhobho wentsimbi, iityhubhu, izifakelo kunye neeflange.Ngokungafaniyo neminye imigangatho yemibutho echaphazela umbhobho wentsimbi kumacandelo athile oshishino, imigangatho ye-ASTM igubungela iindidi ezininzi zombhobho osetyenziswa phantse kuwo onke amashishini onokucinga ngawo.
Ngokomzekelo, i-American Piping Products igcina uluhlu olupheleleyo lwepayipi ye-A106.Umgangatho we-A106 ugubungela umbhobho we-carbon steel ongenamthungo kwinkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu.Loo mgangatho awunyanzelekanga ukuba uthintele umbhobho kuso nasiphi na isicelo somzi-mveliso.
2. ASME
I-American Society of Mechanical Engineers yaqala ukupapasha imigangatho yezixhobo zoshishino kunye neengxenye zomatshini kwi-1880 kwaye ibe yinto eqhuba ukuphuculwa kokhuseleko kwiibhoyili kunye neenqanawa zoxinzelelo ezisetyenziswa kuwo wonke amacandelo oshishino.
Njengoko umbhobho udla ngokukhapha iinqanawa zoxinzelelo, imigangatho ye-ASME igubungela iintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo zemibhobho kumashishini amaninzi, afana ne-ASTM.Enyanisweni, imigangatho yemibhobho ye-ASME kunye ne-ASTM iyafana kakhulu.Naliphi na ixesha ubona umgangatho wombhobho ochazwe ngazo zombini i-'A' kunye ne-'SA'—umzekelo yi-A/SA 333-luphawu lokuba imathiriyeli iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yomibini ye-ASTM kunye ne-ASME.
3. API
Njengoko igama layo libonisa, i-American Petroleum Institute ngumbutho othe ngqo kwishishini othi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, uphuhlise kwaye upapashe imigangatho yombhobho kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa kwishishini leoli kunye negesi.
Umbhobho olinganiswe phantsi komgangatho we-API unokufana kakhulu kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye noyilo kwimibhobho esetyenziswa kwamanye amashishini phantsi kweminye imigangatho.Imigangatho ye-API ingqongqo ngakumbi kwaye ibandakanya iimfuno zovavanyo ezongezelelweyo, kodwa kukho ukugqithelana.
Umbhobho we-API 5L, umzekelo, usetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-oyile kunye ne-gas setting.Umgangatho ufana ne-A/SA 106 kunye ne-A/SA 53. Amanye amabakala ombhobho we-API 5L ahambelana nemigangatho ye-A/SA 106 kunye ne-A/SA 53 ngoko ke inokusetyenziswa ngokutshintshanayo.Kodwa i-A/SA 106 kunye ne-A/SA 53 yombhobho ayihambelani nazo zonke iikhrayitheriya ze-API 5L.
4. ANSI
Iziko leMigangatho yeSizwe yaseMelika yasekwa emva kwendibano yemibutho emininzi yemigangatho yoshishino ngo-1916 ngenjongo yokuphuhlisa imigangatho yemvumelwano ngokuzithandela e-US.
I-ANSI yajoyina imibutho efanayo nakwamanye amazwe ukwenza i-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO).UMbutho upapasha imigangatho eyamkelwe ngabachaphazelekayo kushishino abavela kwihlabathi liphela.I-ANSI ikwasebenza njengequmrhu elivunyiweyo elivumela imigangatho ephuhliswe yimibutho ezimeleyo ukuze yamkelwe kwihlabathi liphela.
Uninzi lwe-ASTM, i-ASME kunye neminye imigangatho ivunywe yi-ANSI njengemigangatho eqhelekileyo eyamkelekileyo.Umzekelo omnye ngumgangatho we-ASME B16 yeeflange, iivalvu, izixhobo kunye neegaskets.Umgangatho waphuhliswa ekuqaleni yi-ASME, kodwa uye wagunyaziswa ukuba usetyenziswe kwihlabathi jikelele yi-ANSI.
Iinzame ze-ANSI ziye zanceda ukuvula iimarike zamazwe ngamazwe kubavelisi kunye nababoneleli bombhobho ngenxa yendima yayo ekuphuhliseni kunye nokwamkelwa kwemigangatho efanayo eyamkelwa kwihlabathi jikelele.
5. Umboneleli wombhobho ochanekileyo
Ngamashumi eminyaka amava okubonelela ngombhobho kubathengi bawo onke amashishini emhlabeni jikelele, i-Jindalai Steel Group iyayiqonda ubunzima kunye nokubaluleka kwemigangatho emininzi elawula ukuveliswa kunye nokuvavanywa kombhobho.Masisebenzise loo mava ukuze kulungelwe ishishini lakho.Ngokukhetha uJindalai njengomthengisi wakho, unokujolisa kwizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kuwe endaweni yokuba ube phantsi kwiinkcukacha.Imibhobho yensimbi yeJindalai inokuhlangabezana nayo yonke imigangatho ekhankanywe ngasentla.
Ukuba unemfuno zokuthenga, cela ikowuti.Siza kubonelela ngeyona ikufumana kanye iimveliso ozifunayo ngokukhawuleza.Thumela umbuzo wakho kwaye siya kukuvuyela ukubonisana nawe ngobuchule.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-19-2022