Ngenxa yokuba ipayipi ixhaphake kakhulu kumashishini amaninzi, akumangalisi ukuba imibutho eyahlukeneyo yemigangatho ichaphazela ukuveliswa kunye nokuvavanywa kwepayipi ukuze isetyenziswe kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo.
Njengoko uza kubona, kukho ukufana okuthile kunye nomahluko phakathi kwemibutho yemigangatho ekufuneka abathengi bayiqonde ukuze baqinisekise iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo zeeprojekthi zabo.
1. I-ASTM
I-ASTM International ibonelela ngemigangatho yemveliso kunye neenkonzo kumacandelo amaninzi emizi-mveliso. Lo mbutho upapashe imigangatho engaphezulu kwe-12,000 esetyenziswa ngoku kumashishini kwihlabathi liphela.
Ngaphezulu kwe-100 yaloo migangatho iphathelele kwimibhobho yentsimbi, iityhubhu, izixhobo kunye neeflanges. Ngokungafaniyo neminye imibutho yemigangatho echaphazela imibhobho yentsimbi kumacandelo athile emizi-mveliso, imigangatho ye-ASTM igubungela iintlobo ngeentlobo zemibhobho esetyenziswa phantse kuyo yonke imboni onokuyicinga.
Umzekelo, i-American Piping Products inoluhlu olupheleleyo lweepayipi ze-A106. Umgangatho we-A106 ugubungela iipayipi zentsimbi yekhabhoni ezingenamthungo ukuze zisetyenziswe kubushushu obuphezulu. Loo mgangatho awunyanzelekanga ukuba uthintele iipayipi ukuba zisetyenziswe nakweyiphi na indlela ethile kwimizi-mveliso.
2. I-ASME
I-American Society of Mechanical Engineers yaqala ukupapasha imigangatho yezixhobo zoshishino kunye namacandelo oomatshini ngo-1880 kwaye ibisoloko iphambili ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko kwiibhoyila kunye neenqanawa zoxinzelelo ezisetyenziswa kumacandelo oshishino.
Njengoko imibhobho idla ngokuhamba neenqanawa zoxinzelelo, imigangatho ye-ASME igubungela iintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo zemibhobho kumashishini amaninzi, njenge-ASTM. Enyanisweni, imigangatho yemibhobho ye-ASME kunye ne-ASTM iyafana kakhulu. Nanini na xa ubona umgangatho wemibhobho uchazwa ngo-'A' kunye no-'SA'—umzekelo yi-A/SA 333—luphawu lokuba izinto ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho ye-ASTM kunye ne-ASME.
3. I-API
Njengoko igama layo libonisa, i-American Petroleum Institute yintlangano egxile kushishino, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ephuhlisa kwaye ipapashe imigangatho yemibhobho nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa kushishino lweoyile negesi.
Iipayipi ezilinganiswe phantsi komgangatho we-API zinokufana kakhulu kwizinto kunye noyilo lweepayipi ezisetyenziswa kwamanye amashishini phantsi kweminye imigangatho. Imigangatho ye-API ingqongqo ngakumbi kwaye ibandakanya iimfuno ezongezelelweyo zovavanyo, kodwa kukho ukudibana okuthile.
Umbhobho we-API 5L, umzekelo, usetyenziswa rhoqo kwiindawo zeoyile negesi. Umgangatho ufana nowe-A/SA 106 kunye no-A/SA 53. Amanye amanqanaba ombhobho we-API 5L ahambelana nemigangatho ye-A/SA 106 kunye ne-A/SA 53 kwaye ke ngoko unokusetyenziswa ngokutshintshana. Kodwa umbhobho we-A/SA 106 kunye nowe-A/SA 53 awuhambelani nazo zonke iikhrayitheriya ze-API 5L.
4. I-ANSI
I-American National Standards Institute yasungulwa emva kwendibano yemibutho emininzi yemigangatho yoshishino ngo-1916 ngenjongo yokuphuhlisa imigangatho yokuvumelana ngokuzithandela eMelika.
I-ANSI idibene nemibutho efanayo kwamanye amazwe ukuze yenze i-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO). Le nhlangano ipapasha imigangatho eyamkelweyo ngabachaphazelekayo kwezoshishino kwihlabathi liphela. I-ANSI ikwasebenza njengequmrhu elivunyiweyo elixhasa imigangatho ephuhliswe yimibutho nganye ukuze yamkelwe kwihlabathi liphela.
Imigangatho emininzi ye-ASTM, i-ASME kunye neminye iye yavunywa yi-ANSI njengemigangatho eqhelekileyo eyamkelekileyo. Umzekelo omnye ngumgangatho we-ASME B16 wee-flanges, iivalvu, izixhobo kunye nee-gaskets. Lo mgangatho waqala waphuhliswa yi-ASME, kodwa uye wavunywa ukuba usetyenziswe kwihlabathi liphela yi-ANSI.
Imizamo ye-ANSI incede ekuvuleni iimarike zamazwe ngamazwe kubavelisi kunye nababoneleli beepayipi ngenxa yendima yayo ekuphuhlisweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwemigangatho efanayo eyamkelweyo kwihlabathi liphela.
5. Umthengisi wepayipi ofanelekileyo
Ngamava eminyaka emininzi enikezela ngemibhobho kubathengi bayo yonke imboni kwihlabathi liphela, iJindalai Steel Group iyaqonda ubunzima kunye nokubaluleka kwemigangatho emininzi elawula ukuveliswa kunye nokuvavanywa kwemibhobho. Masisebenzise loo mava ukuze kulungelwe ishishini lakho. Ngokukhetha iJindalai njengomthengisi wakho, ungagxila kwizinto ezibalulekileyo kuwe endaweni yokuxinana kwiinkcukacha. Imibhobho yentsimbi yeJindalai inokuhlangabezana nayo yonke imigangatho ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla.
Ukuba ufuna ukuthenga, cela ikowuteshini. Siza kukubonelela ngemveliso oyifunayo ngokukhawuleza. Thumela umbuzo wakho kwaye siya kukuvuyela ukukubonisana nawe ngobuchule.
UMNXEBA WOQHAGAMSHELWANO:+86 18864971774I-WECHAT: +86 18864971774I-WhatsApp:https://wa.me/8618864971774
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-19-2022
