Ibha yesinyithi sekhabhoni ethe tyaba yibha yesinyithi ende, ethe tyaba, exande, edla ngokuveliswa ngokuqengqeleka okushushu okanye ukutsalwa okubandayo. Ububanzi bayo bukhulu kakhulu kunobukhulu bayo, nto leyo eyahlula kwiibha zeskwere okanye ezingqukuva. Igama elithi "intsimbi yekhabhoni" libonisa ukuba into yayo ephambili yokudibanisa yikhabhoni, equlethe kuphela izixa ezincinci zezinye izinto ezifana ne-manganese, i-silicon, kunye ne-sulfur. Umxholo wekhabhoni (ukusuka kwi-0.05% ukuya kwi-1.0%) uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubulukhuni, amandla, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokudityaniswa kwebha yesinyithi.
Ukuqengqeleka okubandayo kukuqengqeleka okwenziwa ngaphantsi kobushushu obuqhelekileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo kwenziwa kubushushu begumbi, nangona ngamanye amaxesha intsimbi ifudunyezwa kancinci ukunciphisa ubunzima bokucubungula, kodwa ubushushu buphantsi kakhulu kunobushushu obuphezulu bokuqengqeleka.
Ukuqengqeleka okubandayo kudla ngokwenziwa kwintsimbi eqengqelekayo eshushu. Emva konyango lomphezulu olufana nokugalela, intsimbi eqengqelekayo eshushu ifakwa kwisixhobo sokugalela esibandayo ukuze iqengqeleke ngakumbi. Ngexesha lokuqengqeleka okubandayo, intsimbi iyancipha ngakumbi ubukhulu bayo kwaye ukuchaneka kwayo okulinganayo kunye nomgangatho womphezulu kuphucuka ngokucinezela imiqolo kubushushu begumbi. Ngenxa yokuba ukuqengqeleka okubandayo kwenziwa kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, ukuqina komsebenzi wentsimbi kuyabonakala ngakumbi, kufuna ukuxutywa okuphakathi kunye nezinye iindlela zokulungisa ukubuyisela ubumdaka bayo. Emva kokuqina komsebenzi, intsimbi eqengqelekayo ebandayo ibonisa amandla anyuswe kakhulu, kodwa ubumdaka bayo kunye nokuqina kwayo kwehla kancinci. Intsimbi eqengqelekayo ebandayo inika umgangatho ophezulu womphezulu kunye nokuchaneka okuchanekileyo kobukhulu, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kwizicelo ezifuna umgangatho ophezulu womphezulu kunye nokuchaneka kobukhulu.
Ukuqengqeleka okushushu yinkqubo yokuqengqeleka eyenziwa ngaphezulu kobushushu bokuphinda kusetyenziswe i-recrystallization. Uninzi lweebhari ezisicaba zentsimbi yekhabhoni zenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuqengqeleka okushushu. Ubushushu bokufudumeza buhlala bumalunga ne-1100℃ ukuya kwi-1250℃, apho intsimbi ikwimeko yokuthamba okuphezulu, okwenza kube lula ukuyiguqula ibe yiplastiki. Ezi zingabizi kakhulu, zifumaneka ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-1/8 intshi ukuya kwi-4 intshi ubukhulu kunye nobubanzi obufikelela kwi-12 intshi.
Okokuqala, i-billet yentsimbi ifudunyezwa ukuya kubushushu obuphezulu, ize iqengqelwe izihlandlo ezininzi kuthotho lwee-rolls, inciphisa kancinci ubukhulu bentsimbi ngelixa ilungisa imo kunye nobukhulu bayo. Ngexesha lokuqengqeleka okushushu, isakhiwo sentsimbi siyatshintsha; isakhiwo sokuqala se-cast siguqulwa sibe sisakhiwo esijikelezileyo esishushu ngokuqengqeleka nokuphola. Intsimbi eqengqelekayo eshushu idla ngokuba nomphezulu orhabaxa kwaye inokuba neediphozithi ezifana nesikali se-iron oxide. Intsimbi eqengqelekayo eshushu inamandla aphantsi kodwa i-plasticity engcono kunye nokuqina. Oku kungenxa yokuba intsimbi ifudunyezwa kubushushu obuphezulu kwaye iphola ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokuqengqeleka okushushu, okubangela ukuba isakhiwo se-microstructure esifanayo kunye noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluphantsi.
Iimpawu zoomatshini zeebha zentsimbi yekhabhoni ezithe tyaba zixhomekeke kumxholo wazo wekhabhoni kunye nenkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu. Iibha zentsimbi eqhelekileyo ezinekhabhoni ephantsi (AISI 1018, ASTM A36) zinamandla okutsalwa amalunga ne-400–550 MPa, amandla okuvelisa amalunga ne-250–350 MPa, kunye nokwandiswa xa kuqhekeka i-20–25%. Zithambile, zithambile, kwaye kulula ukuzitshixa okanye ukuzitshixa ngomatshini. Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi (AISI 1045), emva kokuba iqhelekile, inokufikelela kumandla okutsalwa amalunga ne-570–700 MPa, kodwa ukutsalwa kwayo kuyancipha. Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu (AISI 1095) inokuba namandla okutsalwa angaphezulu kwe-800 MPa, kodwa iyaphuka ngaphandle kokuba inyangwa ngobushushu.
Ngaphandle kwekhabhoni, ezinye izinto nazo zidlala indima encinci. I-Manganese (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.65%) yonyusa amandla kwaye isusa ii-oxides kwintsimbi. Umxholo we-phosphorus kunye ne-sulfur ugcinwa uphantsi (zombini zingaphantsi kwe-0.05%) ukuthintela ukubanda kunye nokuqhekeka okushushu. Ezinye intsimbi ethe tyaba zidlula kwinkqubo yokucola kunye ne-oyile ukuze kususwe isikali esiqengqelekayo kwaye zibonelele ngokhuseleko lwexeshana lokugqwala.
Enye yezona ndawo ziphambili ezisetyenziswayo kwi-carbon steel flat steel kushishino lokwakha. Ezi ntsimbi zithe tyaba zihlala zisetyenziswa njengezinto zokwakha kwizakhiwo, kwiibhulorho, nakwezinye iiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso. Amandla nokuqina kwazo kuzenza zilungele ukuxhasa imithwalo enzima kunye nokubonelela ngozinzo kwizakhiwo ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphezu koko, i-carbon steel flat steel isetyenziswa rhoqo ukwenza iifreyimu, izixhaso, kunye nezibiyeli; imo yayo ethe tyaba yenza kube lula ukuhlanganiswa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zoyilo. Ukuguquguquka kweemveliso ze-flat steel kuzenza zibe lukhetho olukhethwayo kwiinjineli kunye nabayili bezakhiwo.
Ngaphandle kweshishini lokwakha, i-carbon steel flat steel ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini leemoto kunye noomatshini. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni iindawo ezahlukeneyo zeemoto, ezifana ne-chassis, ii-axles, kunye neenkqubo zokumiswa. Umlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla ukuya kubunzima be-carbon steel flat steel uvumela abavelisi ukuba benze izinto ezilula kodwa ezomeleleyo, ngaloo ndlela bephucula ukusebenza kwezithuthi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwepetroli. Ngaphezu koko, kwishishini loomatshini, iimveliso ze-flat steel zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izixhobo kunye nezixhobo, kwaye ukuqina kwazo kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka kubalulekile ekusebenzeni ixesha elide.
Ukukhetha i-carbon steel flat bar efanelekileyo kufuna ukulinganisela izinto ezininzi: iimpawu zoomatshini ezifunekayo (amandla, ukuguquguquka, ubulukhuni), ukuchaneka kobukhulu, ukugqitywa komphezulu, iindawo ezirhabaxa, iindlela zokucubungula (ukuwelda, umatshini, ukugoba), kunye nemida yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali. Kwiizicelo ezininzi zesakhiwo, i-ASTM A36 hot-rolled low-carbon steel flat bar inikezela ngeyona ndibaniselwano ilungileyo ngokubhekiselele ekufumanekeni, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye neendleko. Kwiishafts ezichanekileyo okanye kwizikhokelo zezixhobo zomatshini, intsimbi ebanda etsalwa yi-1018 okanye i-1045 lukhetho olungcono. Kwiindawo ezigugileyo kakhulu ezifana nee-scrapers, intsimbi ye-high-carbon okanye i-flat bar ephathwa ngobushushu inokufuneka.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-18-2026
