Inkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu besinyithi ngokubanzi ibandakanya iinkqubo ezintathu: ukufudumeza, ukufudumala, kunye nokupholisa. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho iinkqubo ezimbini kuphela: ukufudumeza kunye nokupholisa. Ezi nkqubo zidibene kwaye azinakuphazamiseka.
1. Ukufudumeza
Ukufudumeza yenye yeenkqubo ezibalulekileyo zonyango lobushushu. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufudumeza unyango lobushushu besinyithi. Eyokuqala yayikukusebenzisa amalahle namalahle njengomthombo wobushushu, uze emva koko usebenzise amafutha olwelo kunye negesi. Ukusetyenziswa kombane kwenza kube lula ukulawula ukufudumeza kwaye akunangcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Le mithombo yobushushu ingasetyenziselwa ukufudumeza ngokuthe ngqo, okanye ukufudumeza ngokungathanga ngqo ngetyuwa enyibilikisiweyo okanye isinyithi, okanye kwanamasuntswana adadayo.
Xa isinyithi sishushu, isixhobo somsebenzi sichaphazeleka emoyeni, kwaye i-oxidation kunye ne-decarburization zihlala zisenzeka (oko kukuthi, umxholo wekhabhoni kumphezulu wenxalenye yentsimbi uyancitshiswa), nto leyo enefuthe elibi kakhulu kwiimpawu zomphezulu weendawo emva konyango lobushushu. Ke ngoko, iintsimbi kufuneka zifudunyezwe kwindawo elawulwayo okanye kwindawo ekhuselayo, kwityuwa enyibilikisiweyo, nakwi-vacuum. Ukufudumeza okukhuselekileyo kunokwenziwa ngeendlela zokugquma okanye zokupakisha.
Ubushushu bokufudumeza yenye yezona parameter zibalulekileyo zenkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu. Ukukhetha nokulawula ubushushu bokufudumeza yeyona nto iphambili ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wonyango lobushushu. Ubushushu bokufudumeza buyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto zesinyithi ezicutshungulwayo kunye nenjongo yokunyanga ubushushu, kodwa ngokubanzi bufudunyezwa bube ngaphezu kobushushu obuthile botshintsho oluphawuleka ukuze kufunyanwe isakhiwo sobushushu obuphezulu. Ukongeza, utshintsho lufuna ixesha elithile. Ke ngoko, xa umphezulu wento yokusebenza yesinyithi ufikelela kubushushu bokufudumeza obufunekayo, kufuneka bugcinwe kobu bushushu ixesha elithile ukuze kwenziwe ubushushu bangaphakathi nangaphandle buhambelane kwaye utshintsho lwesakhiwo se-microstructure lugqitywe. Eli xesha libizwa ngokuba lixesha lokubamba. Xa usebenzisa ukufudumeza okuxineneyo kwamandla aphezulu kunye nonyango lobushushu bomphezulu, isantya sokufudumeza sikhawuleza kakhulu kwaye ngokubanzi akukho xesha lokubamba, ngelixa ixesha lokubamba lonyango lobushushu beekhemikhali lidla ngokuba lide.
2.Ukupholisa
Ukupholisa kukwalinyathelo elibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu. Iindlela zokupholisa ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo, ikakhulu zilawula isantya sokupholisa. Ngokubanzi, ukuqhoboshela kunesantya sokupholisa esicothayo, ukuqhelanisa kunesantya sokupholisa esikhawulezayo, kwaye ukucima kunesantya sokupholisa esikhawulezayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimfuno ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi. Umzekelo, intsimbi eqiniswe ngomoya inokuqina ngesantya esifanayo sokupholisa nesokuqhelanisa.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-31-2024
