Ukukwazi kwezinto zesinyithi ukuxhathisa i-induction yomphezulu ngezinto ezinzima kubizwa ngokuba nobunzima. Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo kunye novavanyo lwesicelo, ubukhali bunokwahlulahlulwa lubukhali, ubukhali be-robwell, ubukhali, ubunzima be-rough, i-microshard kunye nobunzima obuphezulu. Kukho ubunzima obuqhelekileyo obusetyenziswayo kwimibhobho: ibrinell, iRockwell, kunye noViskene.
A. I-Brinell Hard (HB)
Sebenzisa ibhola yentsimbi okanye ibhola ye-carfide yedayimitha ethile ukucinezela kwindawo yesampulu kunye namandla ovavanyo oluchaziweyo (f). Emva kwexesha elichaziweyo, susa amandla ovavanyo kwaye ulinganise ububanzi benqanaba le-indenti (l) kwimodeli yesampulu. Ixabiso le-brinell hard to goones sisingquzulwano esifunyanisiweyo ngokwahlula-hlula amandla ovavanyo ngendlela yomphezulu wenqanaba lendawo. Ivezwe kwi-Hbs (ibhola yentsimbi), iyunithi yi-N / MM2 (MPA).
Ifomula yokubala:
Kwifomula: I-F-amandla ovavanyo acinezelwe kumphezulu wesampulu yentsimbi, n;
I-D-Dameter yebhola yentsimbi yovavanyo, mm;
I-D-APR Deameter ye-Induction, mm.
Umlinganiso we-Brinell ubunzima buchanekile kwaye bunokuthenjwa, kodwa ngokubanzi i-Hbs ilungele kuphela izixhobo zentsimbi ezingaphantsi kwe-450n / mm2 (i-MM2 (i-MMP), kwaye ayilunganga iipleyiti ezinzima zentsimbi. Phakathi kwemigangatho yentsimbi yentsimbi, ubunzima beBrinell yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu. Ububanzi be-indentition D ihlala isetyenziselwa ukubonisa ubukhali bezinto ezibonakalayo, ezibini eziphakathi kwaye zilula.
Example: 120HBS10/1000130: It means that the Brinell hardness value measured by using a 10mm diameter steel ball under the test force of 1000Kgf (9.807KN) for 30s (seconds) is 120N/mm2 (MPa).
B. HROTWell Hardy (hr)
Uvavanyo lwe-rockwell ubunzima, njengokuvavanywa kobunzima beBrinell, yindlela yovavanyo lokuvavanya. Umahluko kukuba ilinganisa ubunzulu bohlobo lwe-induction. Oko kukuthi, phantsi kwesenzo esilandelelanayo sovavanyo lokuqala (i-F) kunye namandla ovavanyo (f), i-In), i-Inderter (Cone okanye ibhola yentsimbi icinezelwe kwisampulu. Emva kwexesha elichaziweyo, amandla aphambili asuswa. Ukunyanzelwa komkhosi, sebenzisa i-Indentetion eMiselweyo yeNdawo eMiselweyo (e) ukubala ixabiso lobunzima. Ixabiso layo linani elingaziwayo, elimelwe sisicaka, kwaye isikali esisetyenzisiweyo siquka uvavanyo lwe-9, ukuba izikali zihlala zisetyenziselwa i-HRC, i-HRB, kunye ne-HRC.
Ixabiso lobunzima libalwa lisebenzisa le fomula ilandelayo:
Xa kuvavanywa nge-a kunye ne-C Scales, HR = 100-e
Xa kuvavanywa kunye ne-B Isikali, hr = 130-e
Kwifomula, e-I-Indentelotion ye-Indenter entsalela ichazwe kwiCandelo le-0.002mm, oko kukuthi, xa i-Axial Shutety ye-Inser ye-Ainer i-Toplell ngenani elinye. Ixabiso elikhulu le-E, ukunciphisa ubunzima besinyithi, kunye ne-vice.
Umgangatho ofanelekileyo weli nqanaba zintathu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
I-HRA (I-Dinery Cone Inerter) 20-88
I-HRC (i-Dinem yeDiamond Cone) 20-70
I-HRB (i-Diameter 1.588mm Inet Iner) I-20-100
Uvavanyo lwe-Rockwell Hardy yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu, phakathi kwe-HRC isetyenziswa kwimigangatho ye-pile yentsimbi yesibini kuphela kwi-Brinell Hb. I-Rockwell Hardy ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa izixhobo zentsimbi zithambile kakhulu kuba nzima kakhulu. Yenza iintsilelo zendlela yeBrinell. Ilula kunendlela yeBrinell kwaye ixabiso lobunzima linokufundwa ngqo kwidayali yamatshini wobunzima. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa ye-induction yayo encinci, ixabiso lobunzima alichanekanga njengendlela yeBrinell.
C. Veskers Hards (HV)
Uvavanyo lobunzima beVickers yindlela yovavanyo lokuvavanya. Icinezela i-Inder yeDiramidal yeDayima yeDayimane ene-angle equkene ne-1360 phakathi kwendawo yovavanyo kwindawo yovavanyo olukhethiweyo (f), kwaye isusa emva kwexesha elichaziweyo. Nyanzela, ulinganise ubude beengcingeli ezimbini ze-induction.
Ixabiso le-Viskers Ixabiso lukhuni yingquzulwano yamandla ovavanyo ohlulwe yindawo yendawo ye-induction. Ifomula yayo yokubala:
Kwifomula: I-HV-Veskers Sursist isimboli, N / MM2 (MPA);
I-F-vavanyo, N;
D-intsingiselo ye-arithmetic yeentsomi ezimbini ze-induction, mm.
Amandla ovavanyo f asetyenziswa kwi-Winders SERDS ngu-5 (49.03), 10 (98.07), 20 (2940.3), i-20 (2980.7) kgf (n) kunye namanye amanqanaba amathandathu. Ixabiso lobunzima linokulinganisa uluhlu yi-5 ~ 1000HV.
Umzekelo wokubhengeza: I-640HV30 / 20 kuthetha ukuba i-Wickers Ixabiso eliqingqiweyo elilinganiswe nge-30HGFF
Indlela yeViskers Inokusetyenziswa ukumisela ubunzima obungaphantsi kakhulu kwezixhobo zentsimbi kunye neendawo zomhlaba. Inezibonelelo eziphambili ze-brinell kunye neendlela ze-rockwell kwaye zoyisa iintsilelo zazo ezisisiseko, kodwa azilula njengendlela ye-rockwell. Indlela yeViskers inqabile ukuba isetyenziswe kwimigangatho yentsimbi yentsimbi.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: APR-03-2024