Iinkqubo zokunyanga ubushushu besinyithi zinokwahlulahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu: unyango lobushushu ngokubanzi, unyango lobushushu bomhlaba kunye nonyango lobushushu bekhemikhali. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yokufudumeza, ubushushu bokufudumala kunye nendlela yokupholisa, udidi ngalunye lunokwahlulwa lube ziinkqubo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zonyango lobushushu. Ukusebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga ukushisa, isinyithi esifanayo sinokufumana izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela zineempawu ezahlukeneyo. Insimbi yintsimbi esetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini, kwaye i-microstructure yensimbi nayo inzima kakhulu, ngoko kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeenkqubo zokunyanga ukushisa kwentsimbi.
Unyango lulonke lobushushu yinkqubo yonyango lwesinyithi olushushumbisa i-workpiece iyonke kwaye emva koko ipholise ngesantya esifanelekileyo ukutshintsha iimpawu zayo zoomatshini. Ukunyangwa kobushushu bentsimbi ngokubanzi kubandakanya iinkqubo ezine ezisisiseko: i-annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering.
1.Ukuhlaziya
I-Anealing kukutshisa i-workpiece ukuya kwiqondo lobushushu elifanelekileyo, ukuthatha amaxesha ahlukeneyo okubamba ngokwemathiriyeli kunye nobukhulu bepiece workpiece, emva koko uyipholise kancinane. Injongo kukwenza isakhiwo sangaphakathi setsimbi sifikelele okanye sisondele kwisimo sokulingana, okanye ukukhulula uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olwenziwe kwinkqubo yangaphambili. Fumana ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo kunye nokusebenza kwenkonzo, okanye ulungiselele ulwakhiwo lokucima ngakumbi.
2.Ukulungelelanisa
I-normalizing okanye i-normalizing kukutshisa i-workpiece kwiqondo lokushisa elifanelekileyo kwaye emva koko lipholile emoyeni. Umphumo we-normalization ufana ne-annealing, ngaphandle kokuba isakhiwo esifunyenweyo silungile. Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza kokusika kwezixhobo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile. Hayi iindawo eziphezulu njengonyango lokugqibela lobushushu.
3.Ukucima
Ukucima kukutshisa kunye nokugcina i-workpiece, kwaye ngokukhawuleza uyipholise kwindawo yokucima njengamanzi, i-oyile okanye ezinye izisombululo zetyuwa ezingaphiliyo, izisombululo ze-organic aqueous.
4.Ubushushu
Emva kokucima, intsimbi iba nzima kodwa kwangaxeshanye iba brittle. Ukuze kuncitshiswe i-brittleness ye-steel parts, iindawo zetsimbi ezicinyiweyo zigcinwe kwiqondo lokushisa elifanelekileyo ngaphezu kweqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi kwe-650 ° C ixesha elide, emva koko lipholile. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba kukuthoba. I-Anealing, i-normalization, ukucima, kunye nokuvutha "yimililo emine" kunyango lobushushu ngokubanzi. Phakathi kwazo, ukucima kunye nokutshisa kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa kunye kwaye ziyimfuneko.
"Imililo emine" iye yavelisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lobushushu kunye nobushushu obuhlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokupholisa. Ukuze ufumane amandla athile kunye nokuqina, inkqubo yokudibanisa ukucima kunye nobushushu obuphezulu bubizwa ngokuba yi-quenching kunye nokufudumala. Emva kokuba ezinye i-alloys zicinywe ukwenza isisombululo esiqinileyo esiphezulu, zigcinwa kwindawo yokushisa okanye iqondo lokushisa eliphakamileyo kancinane ixesha elide ukuphucula ubulukhuni, amandla okanye iimpawu ze-electromagnetic zealloy. Le nkqubo yonyango lobushushu ibizwa ngokuba lunyango lokuguga.
Indlela yokudibanisa ngokufanelekileyo nangokusondeleyo i-deformation processing processing kunye nonyango lobushushu ukufumana amandla amahle kunye nokuqina kwe-workpiece ibizwa ngokuba yi-deformation yonyango yokushisa; unyango ubushushu olwenziwa umoya embi uxinzelelo okanye vacuum kuthiwa vacuum unyango ubushushu, nto leyo engenzi kuphela I-workpiece ayiyi kuba yi-oxidized okanye i-decarburized, kunye nomphezulu we-workpiece ephathwayo iya kugcinwa igudile kwaye icocekile, iphucula ukusebenza kwendawo yokusebenza. Isenokuphathwa ubushushu ngokwekhemikhali nge-arhente egqobhozayo.
Okwangoku, ngokukhula okwandayo kwetekhnoloji yelaser kunye neplasma, ezi teknoloji zimbini zisetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa umaleko wezinye izinto ezikwaziyo ukunxiba, ukugquma okanye ukumelana nobushushu kumphezulu wezinto zokusebenza zentsimbi eziqhelekileyo ukutshintsha iipropathi zomphezulu. umsebenzi wokuqala. Ubuchwephesha obutsha bubizwa ngokuba kukuguqulwa komphezulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-31-2024