Iinkqubo zonyango lobushushu besinyithi zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu: unyango lobushushu ngokubanzi, unyango lobushushu bomphezulu kunye nonyango lobushushu beekhemikhali. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yokufudumeza, ubushushu bokufudumeza kunye nendlela yokupholisa, udidi ngalunye lunokwahlulwa lube ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lobushushu. Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lobushushu, isinyithi esifanayo sinokufumana izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela sibe neempawu ezahlukeneyo. Isinyithi sesona sisinyithi sisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino, kwaye isakhiwo sesinyithi sikwayeyona nto inzima, ngoko ke kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeenkqubo zonyango lobushushu besinyithi.
Unyango lobushushu ngokubanzi yinkqubo yonyango lobushushu lwesinyithi efudumeza isixhobo somsebenzi siphela size sisipholise ngesantya esifanelekileyo ukutshintsha iimpawu zaso zoomatshini ngokubanzi. Unyango lobushushu ngokubanzi lwentsimbi luquka iinkqubo ezine ezisisiseko: ukuqhoboshela, ukulungisa, ukucima kunye nokushisa.
1. Ukudibanisa
I-Annealing kukufudumeza i-workpiece ukuya kubushushu obufanelekileyo, ukusebenzisa amaxesha ahlukeneyo okubamba ngokwezinto zokwakha kunye nobukhulu be-workpiece, uze uyipholise kancinci. Injongo kukwenza isakhiwo sangaphakathi sesinyithi sifikelele okanye sisondele kwimeko yokulingana, okanye ukukhulula uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluveliswe kwinkqubo yangaphambili. Ukufumana ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo kunye nokusebenza kwenkonzo, okanye ukulungiselela isakhiwo ukuze sicime ngakumbi.
2. Ukulungisa izinto zibe zintsha
Ukulungisa okanye ukulungisa kukufudumala i-workpiece ukuya kubushushu obufanelekileyo uze uyipholise emoyeni. Isiphumo sokulungisa sifana nesokuqhoboshela, ngaphandle kokuba isakhiwo esifunyenweyo sicolile. Sihlala sisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza kokusika kwezinto, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha sisetyenziselwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile. Asizizo iindawo eziphezulu njengonyango lokugqibela lobushushu.
3. Ukucima
Ukucima kukufudumala nokugcina indawo yokusebenza ikwimeko entle, uze uyipholise ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yokucima efana namanzi, ioyile okanye ezinye izisombululo zetyuwa ezingaphiliyo, izisombululo zamanzi ezingaphiliyo.
4. Ukulinganisela
Emva kokucima, intsimbi iba lukhuni kodwa kwangaxeshanye iba buthathaka. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukubuthathaka kweendawo zentsimbi, iindawo zentsimbi ezicinyiweyo zigcinwa kubushushu obufanelekileyo ngaphezu kobushushu begumbi kwaye zingaphantsi kwama-650°C ixesha elide, emva koko zipholiswe. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-tempering. Ukuncamathisela, ukuqhelelanisa, ukucima, kunye nokufudumala "ziimililo ezine" kunyango lobushushu ngokubanzi. Phakathi kwazo, ukucima kunye nokufudumala kuhlobene kakhulu kwaye kudla ngokusetyenziswa kunye kwaye akubalulekanga.
"IiFour Fires" ziye zavelisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lobushushu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zobushushu bokufudumeza kunye neendlela zokupholisa. Ukuze kufunyanwe amandla athile kunye nokuqina, inkqubo yokudibanisa ukucima kunye nokushisa okuphezulu kubizwa ngokuba kukucima kunye nokushisa. Emva kokuba ezinye ii-alloys zicinyiwe ukuze zenze isisombululo esiqinileyo esigcweleyo, zigcinwa kubushushu begumbi okanye kubushushu obuphezulu kancinci ixesha elide ukuphucula ubulukhuni, amandla okanye iipropati ze-electromagnetic ze-alloy. Le nkqubo yonyango lobushushu ibizwa ngokuba lunyango lokuguga.
Indlela yokudibanisa ngokufanelekileyo nangokusondeleyo ukucubungula uxinzelelo kunye nonyango lobushushu ukuze kufunyanwe amandla alungileyo kunye nokuqina kwesixhobo somsebenzi ibizwa ngokuba yi-deformation heat treatment; unyango lobushushu olwenziwa kwindawo engcolileyo yoxinzelelo okanye i-vacuum lubizwa ngokuba yi-vacuum heat treatment, engavumeli nje kuphela ukuba isixhobo somsebenzi singabi yi-oxidized okanye sisuswe kwi-carburized, kwaye umphezulu wesixhobo somsebenzi ophathwayo uya kugcinwa ucocekile kwaye ucocekile, uphucula ukusebenza kwesixhobo somsebenzi. Ingaphathwa nangobushushu ngamakhemikhali yi-ejenti engenelayo.
Okwangoku, ngokuvuthwa okwandayo kwetekhnoloji yelaser kunye neplasma, ezi tekhnoloji zimbini zisetyenziselwa ukufaka umaleko wezinye iingubo ezingagugiyo, ezingamelaniyo nokugqwala okanye ezingamelaniyo nobushushu kumphezulu wezinto zokusebenza zentsimbi eziqhelekileyo ukutshintsha iipropati zomphezulu wento yokusebenza yokuqala. Le ndlela intsha ibizwa ngokuba kukuguqulwa komphezulu.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-31-2024
