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Isishwankathelo seendlela ezilishumi ezixhaphakileyo zokucima

Kukho iindlela ezilishumi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zokucima kwinkqubo yonyango lobushushu, kubandakanywa i-single medium (amanzi, ioli, umoya) ukucima; ukucima okuphakathi kabini; ukucima i-martensite graded; indlela yokucima i-martensite ngezantsi kwenqaku likaMs; indlela yokucinywa kwe-isothermal; indlela yokucima i-compound; indlela yokucima i-isothermal yangaphambi kokupholisa; ukulibazisa ukupholisa indlela yokucima; ukucima indlela yokuzibamba; indlela yokutshiza yokucima, njl.

1. Indlela enye (amanzi, ioli, umoya) yokucima

I-single-medium (amanzi, i-oyile, umoya) yokucima: I-workpiece eye yafudunyezwa kwiqondo lokushisa lokucima iyancipha ibe yindawo yokucima ukupholisa ngokupheleleyo. Le yeyona ndlela ilula yokucima kwaye isoloko isetyenziselwa i-carbon steel kunye ne-alloy workpieces yentsimbi enemilo elula. Ukucima okuphakathi kukhethwe ngokwe-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa, ukuqina, ubungakanani, imilo, njl njl.

2. Ukucima okuphakathi kabini

Ukucinywa kabini okuphakathi: Isixhobo sokusebenza sifudunyezwe kwiqondo lobushushu lokucima kuqala siphole ukuze sivale kwindawo kaNks kwindawo yokucima esinamandla okupholisa okunamandla, emva koko sidluliselwe kwindawo yokucima okucothayo ukupholisa kwiqondo lobushushu legumbi ukufikelela ezahlukeneyo zokupholisa. amanqanaba amaqondo obushushu kwaye anezinga lokupholisa ngokulinganayo elilungileyo lokucima. Le ndlela isoloko isetyenziselwa iinxalenye ezinemilo enzima okanye i-workpieces enkulu eyenziwe nge-high-carbon steel kunye ne-alloy steel. Iintsimbi zezixhobo zekhabhoni nazo zihlala zisetyenziswa. Amajelo okupholisa asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo aquka amanzi-oyile, amanzi-nitrate, umoya wamanzi, kunye neoli-moya. Ngokubanzi, amanzi asetyenziswa njengendawo yokupholisa ekhawulezayo yokucima, kwaye i-oyile okanye umoya usetyenziswa njengendlela yokucotha yokupholisa okucothayo. Umoya awufane usetyenziswe.

3. Martensite graded quenching

Martensitic graded quenching: intsimbi iyaqinisekiswa, ize intywiliselwe kulwelo oluphakathi (ibhafu yetyuwa okanye ibhafu yealkali) kunye nobushushu obuphezulu kancinci okanye ngaphantsi kancinci kunendawo ephezulu yeMartensite yentsimbi, kwaye igcinwe ixesha elifanelekileyo de ibe ngaphakathi kwaye iindawo zangaphandle zamacandelo ensimbi Emva kokuba iileyile zifikelele kwiqondo lokushisa eliphakathi, zikhutshwe ukuze zipholile umoya, kwaye i-austenite i-supercooled iguqulwa ngokukhawuleza ibe yi-martensite ngexesha lenkqubo yokucima. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa izixhobo zokusebenza ezincinci ezinemilo enzima kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo zokuguqulwa. Le ndlela ikwasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekucimeni isinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu kunye nezixhobo zetsimbi ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokubumba.

4. I-Martensite graded quenching method engezantsi kwe-Ms point

Martensite graded ukucima indlela ngezantsi Ms point: Xa ubushushu bath ingaphantsi kuno Ms of workpiece yentsimbi kwaye ingaphezulu kwe Mf, workpiece iphola ngokukhawuleza ebhafini, kunye neziphumo ezifanayo njengoko quenching graded isengafumaneka xa ubungakanani mkhulu. Ihlala isetyenziselwa izixhobo zokusebenza zentsimbi ezinkulu ezinokuqina okuphantsi.

5. Indlela yokucima i-isothermal ye-Bainite

Indlela yokucima i-Bainite isothermal: Isixhobo sokusebenza sicinywa kwibhafu kunye nobushushu obuphantsi be-bainite yentsimbi kunye ne-isothermal, ukwenzela ukuba ukuguqulwa kwe-bainite ephantsi kwenzeke, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo igcinwe kwindawo yokuhlambela imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kuma-60. Inkqubo engqongqo inamanyathelo amathathu angundoqo: ① unyango olungqongqo; ② unyango lokupholisa emva kokupholisa; ③ bainite unyango isothermal; edla ngokusetyenziswa kwintsimbi yealloyi, intsimbi ephezulu yekhabhoni enobungakanani obuncinci kunye nentsimbi yentsimbi.

6. Indlela yokucima iCompound

Indlela yokucima iCompound: qala ucime i-workpiece ukuya ngaphantsi kukaNks ukufumana i-martensite kunye neqhezu lomthamo we-10% ukuya kwi-30%, kwaye emva koko i-isotherm kwindawo ephantsi ye-bainite ukufumana izakhiwo ze-martensite kunye ne-bainite ye-workpieces enkulu yecandelo. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo izixhobo zokusebenza zentsimbi yeAlloy.

7. Indlela yokucima i-precooling kunye ne-isothermal

Indlela yokucima i-isothermal yangaphambi kokupholisa: ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-heater isothermal quenching, iindawo ziqala ukupholisa kwibhafu kunye nobushushu obuphantsi (omkhulu kunoNksk), kwaye emva koko idluliselwe kwindawo yokuhlambela enobushushu obuphezulu ukuze ibangele ukuba i-austenite iguquke kwi-isothermal. Ifanelekile kwiindawo zetsimbi ezinobunzima obunzima okanye i-workpieces enkulu ekufuneka i-austempered.

8. Ukupholisa okulibaziseka kunye nendlela yokucima

Indlela yokucima ukupholisa ilibazisekile: Amalungu aqala ukupholiswa kwangaphambili emoyeni, emanzini ashushu, okanye kwibhafu yetyuwa ukuya kumaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kancinane kune-Ar3 okanye i-Ar1, emva koko ukucinywa okuphakathi kuyenziwa. Ihlala isetyenziselwa iindawo ezinemilo enzima kunye nobukhulu obahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwaye zifuna i-deformation encinci.

9. Indlela yokucima kunye nokuzibamba

Indlela yokucima kunye nokuziphendulela: I-workpiece yonke ekufuneka iqhutywe, kodwa ngexesha lokucima, kuphela inxalenye efuna ukuqina (ngokuqhelekileyo inxalenye esebenzayo) ifakwe kumanzi okucima kwaye ipholile. Xa umbala womlilo wenxalenye engafakwanga unyamalala, ngokukhawuleza uyikhuphe emoyeni. Inkqubo yokucima ukupholisa okuphakathi. Indlela yokucima kunye nokuzibamba isebenzisa ubushushu obuvela kumbindi ongapholiswanga ngokupheleleyo ukuba udlulisele kumphezulu ukucaphuka. Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukumelana neempembelelo ezifana neetshizi, iipuntshi, iihamile, njl.

10. Ukutshiza indlela yokucima

Indlela yokutshiza yokucima: Indlela yokucima apho amanzi atshizwa kwisixhobo sokusebenza. Ukuhamba kwamanzi kunokuba kukhulu okanye kuncinci, kuxhomekeke kubunzulu obufunekayo bokucima. Indlela yokucima isitshizi ayifaki ifilimu ye-steam kumphezulu we-workpiece, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ubunzulu obuqinileyo kunokucima kwamanzi. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukucima umphezulu wendawo.


Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-08-2024