Inkqubo yokugqiba imibhobho yentsimbi yinkqubo ebalulekileyo neyimfuneko yokususa iziphene kwimibhobho yentsimbi, ukuphucula umgangatho wemibhobho yentsimbi, kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa okukhethekileyo kweemveliso. Ukugqitywa kwemibhobho yentsimbi kubandakanya ikakhulu: ukuqiniswa kwemibhobho yentsimbi, ukusika isiphelo (ukutshiza, ubungakanani), ukuhlolwa kunye nokuhlolwa (kubandakanya ukuhlolwa komgangatho womphezulu, ukuhlolwa kobukhulu bejometri, ukuhlolwa okungonakalisiyo kunye novavanyo lwe-hydraulic, njl.njl.), ukugaya, ukulinganisa ubude, ubunzima, ukupeyinta, ukuprinta kunye neenkqubo zokupakisha. Eminye imibhobho yentsimbi yenjongo ekhethekileyo ikwafuna ukudutyulwa komphezulu, ukucutshungulwa koomatshini, unyango lokulwa nokugqwala, njl.njl.
(I) Iziphene zokulungisa imibhobho yentsimbi kunye nokuthintela kwazo
⒈ Injongo yokulungisa imibhobho yentsimbi:
① Susa ukugoba (ukungatyeki) okuveliswa ngumbhobho wentsimbi ngexesha leenkqubo zokuqengqeleka, zokuthutha, zonyango lobushushu kunye nezokupholisa.
② Nciphisa ukujiya kwemibhobho yentsimbi
⒉ Iziphene zomgangatho ezibangelwa ngumbhobho wentsimbi ngexesha lenkqubo yokulungisa: ezinxulumene nomzekelo womatshini wokulungisa, imilo yomngxuma, ukulungiswa komngxuma kunye neempawu zombhobho wentsimbi.
⒊ Iziphene zomgangatho ekulungiseni imibhobho yentsimbi: imibhobho yentsimbi ayilungiswanga (iiphelo zemibhobho zigobile), iqhekekile, iphindwe kabini, iqhekekile, imikrwelo yomphezulu kunye nokuqhekeka, njl.
(ii) Iziphene zokusila nokusika imibhobho yentsimbi kunye nokuthintela kwazo
⒈ Injongo yokusila iziphene zomphezulu wemibhobho yentsimbi: ukuphelisa iziphene zomphezulu ezivumelekileyo ukuba zibekho ngokwemigangatho yemibhobho yentsimbi kodwa kufuneka zicocwe ukuze kuphuculwe umgangatho womphezulu wemibhobho yentsimbi.
2. Iziphene ezibangelwa kukugrumba komphezulu wemibhobho yentsimbi: Isizathu esiphambili kukuba ubunzulu kunye nemilo yeendawo zokugrumba emva kokugrumba zidlula iimfuno ezichazwe kumgangatho, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ububanzi bangaphandle kunye nobukhulu bodonga lombhobho wentsimbi budlule ukuphambuka okungalunganga okanye bube nemilo engalinganiyo.
⒊ Ukugaya umphezulu wepayipi yentsimbi kufuneka kuhlangabezane neemfuno ezilandelayo:
① Emva kokuba iziphene zomphezulu wombhobho wentsimbi zilungisiwe, ubukhulu bodonga lwendawo elungisiweyo abunakuba ngaphantsi kokuphambuka okungalunganga kobukhulu bodonga obuqhelekileyo bombhobho wentsimbi, kwaye ububanzi bangaphandle bendawo elungisiweyo kufuneka buhlangabezane neemfuno zobubanzi bangaphandle bombhobho wentsimbi.
②Emva kokuba umphezulu wombhobho wentsimbi ucoliwe, kuyimfuneko ukugcina umphezulu wombhobho wentsimbi unjengomphezulu ogudileyo ogobileyo (i-arc egqithisileyo). Ubunzulu bokugaya: ububanzi: ubude = 1:6:8
③ Xa usika umbhobho wentsimbi uphela, akufuneki kubekho zimpawu zitshisayo kakhulu okanye ezicacileyo ze-polygonal kumphezulu wombhobho wentsimbi.
④Iindawo zokusila zomphezulu wombhobho wentsimbi akufuneki zidlule inani elichazwe kumgangatho.
⒋ Iziphene eziphambili ezibangelwa kukunqunyulwa kwemibhobho yentsimbi ziquka: ubuso bombhobho wentsimbi abuthe nkqo, kukho ii-burrs kunye nee-loops, kwaye i-engile ye-bevel ayichanekanga, njl.
⒌ Ukuphucula ukuthe tye kombhobho wentsimbi kunye nokunciphisa ukujiya kombhobho wentsimbi zizinto ezifunekayo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokusikwa kombhobho wentsimbi. Kwimibhobho yentsimbi enomxholo ophezulu we-alloy, ukusika ilangatye kufuneka kuthintelwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukuqhekeka kwemibhobho.
(iii) Iziphene zokucubungula umphezulu wepayipi yentsimbi kunye nokuthintela kwazo
⒈ Ukulungiswa komphezulu wepayipi yentsimbi kubandakanya ikakhulu: ukucofa umphezulu, ukugaya umphezulu ngokubanzi kunye nokulungiswa koomatshini.
⒉ Injongo: Ukuphucula ngakumbi umgangatho womphezulu kunye nokuchaneka kobukhulu beepayipi zentsimbi.
⒊ Izixhobo zokusila umphezulu wangaphandle weepayipi zentsimbi ziquka ikakhulu: iibhanti ezirhabaxa, amavili okusila kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini bokusila. Emva kokusila umphezulu weepayipi zentsimbi, isikali se-oxide kumphezulu weepayipi zentsimbi sinokususwa ngokupheleleyo, ukugqitywa komphezulu weepayipi zentsimbi kunokuphuculwa, kwaye umphezulu weepayipi zentsimbi unokususwa. Ezinye iziphene ezincinci ezifana nemifantu emincinci, imigca yeenwele, imingxunya, imikrwelo, njl.
① Sebenzisa ibhanti elirhabaxa okanye ivili lokusila ukuze ucole ngokupheleleyo umphezulu wombhobho wentsimbi. Iziphene eziphambili zomgangatho ezinokuvela ziquka: ulusu olumnyama kumphezulu wombhobho wentsimbi, ubukhulu bodonga obugqithisileyo, iindawo ezithe tyaba (iipolygons), imingxunya, ukutsha kunye neempawu zokuguguleka, njl.njl.
② Ulusu olumnyama kumphezulu wombhobho wentsimbi lubangelwa kukuba ubungakanani bokugaywa buncinci kakhulu okanye imingxuma kumphezulu wombhobho wentsimbi. Ukwandisa ubungakanani bokugaywa kunokususa ulusu olumnyama kumphezulu wombhobho wentsimbi.
③ Ubukhulu bodonga lombhobho wentsimbi abunyamezeleki kuba ukuphambuka okungalunganga kobukhulu bodonga lombhobho wentsimbi ngokwawo bukhulu kakhulu okanye ubungakanani bokugaywa bukhulu kakhulu.
④ Ukutsha kumphezulu wombhobho wentsimbi kubangelwa ikakhulu kukuxinana okugqithisileyo phakathi kwevili lokusila nomphezulu wombhobho wentsimbi, ubungakanani bokusila bombhobho wentsimbi kumatshini wokusila omnye, kwaye ivili lokusila elisetyenzisiweyo lirhabaxa kakhulu.
⑤ Nciphisa ubungakanani bokugaywa kwemibhobho yentsimbi ngexesha elinye. Sebenzisa ivili lokugaywa elirhabaxa ukugaywa kwemibhobho yentsimbi kunye nevili lokugaywa elicolekileyo ukugaywa okucolekileyo. Oku akunakuthintela kuphela ukutsha komphezulu kumbhobho wentsimbi, kodwa kukwanciphisa nokuguguleka okuveliswa kumphezulu wombhobho wentsimbi.
⒋ Ukudutyulwa kwesibhamu kumphezulu wombhobho wentsimbi
① Ukupeyinta umphezulu wepayipi yentsimbi kukutshiza i-iron shot okanye i-quartz sand shot yobukhulu obuthile kumphezulu wepayipi yentsimbi ngesantya esiphezulu ukuze kususwe isikali se-oxide kumphezulu ukuze kuphuculwe ukuguda komphezulu wepayipi yentsimbi.
②Ubukhulu kunye nobunzima besanti kunye nesantya sokujova zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela umgangatho wokuchama kwesanti kumphezulu wombhobho wentsimbi.
⒌ Umatshini wokulungisa umphezulu wepayipi yentsimbi
①Eminye imibhobho yentsimbi eneemfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho wangaphakathi nowangaphandle ifuna ukucutshungulwa ngoomatshini.
②Ukuchaneka kobukhulu, umgangatho womphezulu kunye nokugoba kwemibhobho eyenziwe ngomatshini akunakulinganiswa nemibhobho eqengqelekayo eshushu.
Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yokugqiba yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu neyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa umgangatho weepayipi zentsimbi. Ukuqinisa indima yenkqubo yokugqiba ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kunceda ukuphucula umgangatho weepayipi zentsimbi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-01-2024
