Ukwenziwa kwemibhobho yentsimbi kususela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1800. Ekuqaleni, imibhobho yayisenziwa ngesandla – ngokufudumeza, ukugoba, ukuleqa, nokubethelela imiphetho. Inkqubo yokuqala yokwenziwa kwemibhobho ezenzekelayo yaziswa ngo-1812 eNgilane. Iinkqubo zokwenziwa ziye zaphucuka rhoqo ukususela ngelo xesha. Ezinye iindlela ezidumileyo zokwenziwa kwemibhobho zichazwe ngezantsi.
Ukuwelda ngeLap
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-lap welding ekwenzeni ipayipi kwaqaliswa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1920. Nangona le ndlela ingasasetyenziswa, eminye ipayipi eyayenziwe ngenkqubo ye-lap welding isasetyenziswa nanamhlanje.
Kwinkqubo yokuwelda ngamalaphu, intsimbi yayifudunyezwa kwisithando somlilo ize iqengqwe ibe yi-cylinder. Imiphetho yepleyiti yentsimbi yayiye "ifakwe isikhafu". Ukuwelda kuquka ukugquma umphetho wangaphakathi wepleyiti yentsimbi, kunye nomphetho onciphileyo wecala elichaseneyo lepleyiti. Umthungo wawuwelda kusetyenziswa ibhola yokuwelda, kwaye umbhobho oshushu wawudluliselwa phakathi kweerola ezazinyanzela umthungo ukuba udibane ukuze kudalwe ikhonkco.
Iiwelds eziveliswa yi-lap welding azithembekanga njengezo zenziwe ngeendlela zanamhlanje. I-American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) iphuhlise i-equation yokubala uxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo lokusebenza kwepayipi, ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwenkqubo yokuvelisa. Le equation ibandakanya i-variable eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"joint factor", esekelwe kuhlobo lwe-weld esetyenzisiweyo ukwenza umthungo wepayipi. Iipayipi ezingenamthungo zine-joint factor ye-1.0 I-Lap welded pipe ine-joint factor ye-0.6.
Umbhobho oWelding we-Resistance Electric
Umbhobho we-ERW ojijelweyo ngombane wenziwa ngokwenza iphepha lentsimbi elibandayo libe yimo ye-cylindrical. Emva koko umbane udlula phakathi kwemiphetho emibini yentsimbi ukuze kufudunyezwe intsimbi ukuya kwindawo apho imiphetho inyanzelwa khona ukwenza ikhonkco ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinto zokuzalisa i-welding. Ekuqaleni le nkqubo yokuvelisa yayisebenzisa umbane we-AC ojijekileyo ophantsi ukufudumeza imiphetho. Le nkqubo ye-frequency ephantsi yasetyenziswa ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1920 ukuya kowe-1970. Ngoo-1970, inkqubo ye-frequency ephantsi yathathelwa indawo yinkqubo ye-ERW ejijekileyo ophakamileyo eyavelisa i-weld esemgangathweni ophezulu.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ii-welds zepayipi ye-ERW enee-frequency eziphantsi zisengozini yokubola komthungo okhethiweyo, ukuqhekeka kweehoko, kunye nokungadibani kakuhle kwee-seams, ngoko ke i-ERW enee-frequency eziphantsi ayisasetyenziswa ukwenza ipayipi. Inkqubo yee-frequency eziphezulu isasetyenziswa ukuvelisa ipayipi yokusetyenziswa kulwakhiwo lwepayipi entsha.
Umbhobho oWelding weFlash yoMbane
Umbhobho ofakwe ngombane ofakwe ngombane wenziwe ukususela ngo-1927. Ukuwelda nge-flash kwenziwa ngokwenza ishiti yentsimbi ibe yimo ye-cylindrical. Imiphetho yayifudunyezwa ide inyibilike kancinci, emva koko yanyanzelwa ukuba intsimbi enyibilikisiweyo ikhutshwe kwijoyinti kwaye yenze i-bead. Njengombhobho we-ERW ophantsi, imithungo yombhobho ofakwe ngombane ichaphazeleka kukubola kunye nokuqhekeka kweehoko, kodwa kancinci kunombhobho we-ERW. Olu hlobo lombhobho lukwachaphazeleka kukusilela ngenxa yamabala aqinileyo kwintsimbi yepleyiti. Ngenxa yokuba uninzi lombhobho ofakwe ngombane wenziwe ngumvelisi omnye, kukholelwa ukuba la mabala aqinileyo enzeka ngenxa yokucinywa ngengozi kwentsimbi ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa esetyenziswa ngumvelisi othile. Ukuwelda nge-flash ayisasetyenziselwa ukwenza umbhobho.
Umbhobho ophindwe kabini we-Arc Welded (DSAW) ofakwe emanzini
Njengezinye iinkqubo zokwenza imibhobho, ukwenziwa kweDouble Submerged Arc Welded Pipe kuqala kubandakanya ukwenza iipleyiti zentsimbi zibe ziimo ze-cylindrical. Imiphetho yepleyiti eqengqiweyo yenziwe ukuze imijelo enomfanekiso we-V yenziwe kwiindawo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle kwindawo yomthungo. Umthungo wepayipi emva koko udityaniswa nge-pass enye ye-arc welder kwiindawo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle (ngoko ke idityaniswa kabini). I-arc welding ifakwa phantsi komoya ojikelezayo.
Inzuzo yale nkqubo kukuba ii-welds zingena kwi-100% yodonga lombhobho kwaye zivelise ikhonkco eliqinileyo kakhulu lezinto zombhobho.
Umbhobho ongenamthungo
Umbhobho ongenamthungo uye wenziwa ukususela kwiminyaka yoo-1800. Nangona le nkqubo itshintshile, ezinye izinto azizange zitshintshe. Umbhobho ongenamthungo wenziwa ngokubhoboza i-billet yentsimbi eshushu ejikelezileyo nge-mandrel. Intsimbi enomngxuma iyasongwa ize yolulwe ukuze kufikelelwe kubude nobubanzi obufunekayo. Inzuzo ephambili yombhobho ongenamthungo kukususa iziphene ezinxulumene nomthungo; nangona kunjalo, ixabiso lokwenziwa likhulu.
Umbhobho ongenayo i-seamless wokuqala wawusengozini yokufumana iziphene ezibangelwa kukungcola kwintsimbi. Njengoko iindlela zokwenza intsimbi ziphucuka, ezi ziphene zancipha, kodwa azikasuswa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kubonakala ngathi umbhobho ongenayo i-seamless wawungcono kunembhobho eyenziweyo, edityaniswe ngomthungo, amandla okuphucula iimpawu ezifunekayo kumbhobho anqongophele. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, umbhobho ongenayo i-seamless okwangoku ufumaneka kwiindidi eziphantsi kunye nobukhulu bodonga kunembhobho edityanisiweyo.
IJindalai Steel Group igxile ekuveliseni imibhobho ye-ERW (Electric Resistance Welded) kunye ne-SSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc welded) yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Inkampani yethu inomatshini wokuwelda ophucukileyo we-φ610 mm ojikelezayo ophezulu, kunye nomatshini wokuwelda we-arc welded we-φ3048mm spiral submerged arc. Kwakhona, ngaphandle kweefektri ze-ERW kunye ne-SSAW, sinezinye iifektri ezintathu ezinxulumeneyo zemveliso ye-LSAW kunye ne-SMLS kulo lonke elaseTshayina.
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-19-2022
