Iimpawu ezisisiseko zemishini yezinto zetsimbi

Iimpawu zezixhobo zetsimbi zihlulwe ngokubanzi zibe ngamacandelo amabini: inkqubo yokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kokusetyenziswa. Okubizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokusebenza kubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kwezixhobo zetsimbi phantsi kweemeko ezicacisiweyo ezibandayo kunye nezishushu ngexesha lokwenziwa kwezixhobo zoomatshini. Umgangatho wenkqubo yokusebenza kwezinto zetsimbi umisela ukulungelelaniswa kwayo ekuqhutyweni nasekubunjweni ngexesha lokuvelisa. Ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zokucutshungulwa, iipropathi zenkqubo efunekayo zikwahluka, njengokuphosa ukusebenza, i-weldability, forgeability, ukusebenza konyango lobushushu, ukusika ukucutshungulwa, njl njl. Into ebizwa ngokuba yintsebenzo ibhekisela ekusebenzeni kwezixhobo zetsimbi phantsi kweemeko zokusetyenziswa. amacandelo mechanical, ezibandakanya iimpawu mechanical, iipropati eziphathekayo, iikhemikhali iipropati, njl.

Kwishishini lokwenziwa koomatshini, iinxalenye zoomatshini ngokubanzi zisetyenziswa kubushushu obuqhelekileyo, uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo kunye nemithombo yeendaba engonakalisiyo, kwaye ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, indawo nganye yoomatshini iya kuthwala imithwalo eyahlukeneyo. Ikhono lezinto zetsimbi ukuxhathisa umonakalo phantsi komthwalo kuthiwa iimpawu zomatshini (okanye iimpawu zomatshini). Iimpawu zomatshini wezinto zetsimbi zisisiseko esisisiseko sokuyila kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwamacandelo. Ngokuxhomekeke kubume bomthwalo osetyenzisiweyo (njengokunyanzeliswa, ukunyanzeliswa, ukunyanzeliswa, impembelelo, umthwalo we-cyclic, njl.), iimpawu zomatshini ezifunekayo kwizinto zetsimbi nazo ziya kuhluka. Iipropati zomatshini eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo ziquka: amandla, iplastiki, ubunzima, ukuqina, ukuchasana kweempembelelo ezininzi kunye nomda wokukhathala. Ipropati nganye yoomatshini ixoxwa ngokwahlukileyo ngezantsi.

1. Amandla

Amandla abhekisela ekukwazini kwezinto zetsimbi ukuxhathisa umonakalo (i-deformation yeplastiki egqithisileyo okanye i-fracture) phantsi komthwalo we-static. Ekubeni umthwalo usebenza ngendlela yoxinzelelo, ukunyanzeliswa, ukugoba, ukucheba, njl., amandla aphinde ahlulwe abe amandla obunzima, amandla acinezelayo, amandla okuguquguquka, amandla okucheba, njl. Ekusetyenzisweni, amandla e-tensile asetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengeyona ndawo isisiseko samandla.

2. Iplastiki

I-Plastiki ibhekisela kwikhono lezinto zetsimbi ukuvelisa i-deformation yeplastiki (i-deformation esisigxina) ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa phantsi komthwalo.

3.Ubunzima

Ukuqina ngumlinganiselo wokuqina okanye ukuthamba kwesixhobo sentsimbi. Okwangoku, eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokulinganisa ubulukhuni kwimveliso yindlela yobulukhuni bokungeniswa, esebenzisa i-indenter yemilo ethile yejometri ukucinezela kumphezulu wezinto zetsimbi ezivavanywa phantsi komthwalo othile, kwaye ixabiso lobulukhuni liyalinganiswa. ngokusekelwe kwiqondo lokuhlehlisa.
Iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka ukuqina kweBrinell (HB), ukuqina kweRockwell (HRA, HRB, HRC) kunye nokuqina kweVickers (HV).

4. Ukudinwa

Amandla, iplastiki, kunye nokuqina okuxoxiwe ngaphambili zonke zizalathisi zokusebenza koomatshini bentsimbi phantsi komthwalo omileyo. Ngapha koko, iindawo ezininzi zoomatshini zisebenza phantsi komthwalo we-cyclic, kwaye ukukhathala kuya kwenzeka kwiindawo eziphantsi kweemeko ezinjalo.

5. Ukuqina kwempembelelo

Umthwalo osebenza kwindawo yomatshini ngesantya esiphezulu ubizwa ngokuba ngumthwalo wempembelelo, kwaye ukukwazi kwesinyithi ukuxhathisa umonakalo phantsi komthwalo wempembelelo kubizwa ngokuba yimpembelelo yokuqina.