Iipropati ezisisiseko zoomatshini zezinto zesinyithi

Iipropati zezinto zesinyithi ngokubanzi zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: ukusebenza kwenkqubo kunye nokusebenza kokusetyenziswa. Oko kubizwa ngokuba kukusebenza kwenkqubo kubhekisa ekusebenzeni kwezinto zesinyithi phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokubanda nokushisa ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenziwa kwamacandelo oomatshini. Umgangatho wokusebenza kwenkqubo yezinto zesinyithi umisela ukulungelelana kwazo nokucubungula kunye nokwenziwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenziwa. Ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zokucubungula, iipropati zenkqubo ezifunekayo nazo zahlukile, ezifana nokusebenza kwe-casting, ukuwelda, ukukwazi ukunyibilika, ukusebenza konyango lobushushu, ukucutha ukucuthwa, njl. Oko kubizwa ngokuba kukusebenza kubhekisa ekusebenzeni kwezinto zesinyithi phantsi kweemeko zokusetyenziswa kwamacandelo oomatshini, ezibandakanya iipropati zoomatshini, iipropati zomzimba, iipropati zeekhemikhali, njl. Ukusebenza kwezinto zesinyithi kumisela uluhlu lokusetyenziswa kunye nobomi benkonzo yazo.

Kwishishini lokuvelisa oomatshini, iindawo zoomatshini ngokubanzi zisetyenziswa kubushushu obuqhelekileyo, uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo kunye nemidiya engangcolisiyo kakhulu, kwaye ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, inxalenye nganye yoomatshini iya kuthwala imithwalo eyahlukeneyo. Amandla ezinto zesinyithi okumelana nomonakalo phantsi komthwalo abizwa ngokuba ziimpawu zoomatshini (okanye iimpawu zoomatshini). Iimpawu zoomatshini zezinto zesinyithi zezona ziseko ziphambili zoyilo kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto zezixhobo. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomthwalo osetyenziswayo (njengoxinzelelo, ucinezelo, ukugoba, impembelelo, umthwalo ojikelezayo, njl.njl.), iimpawu zoomatshini ezifunekayo kwizixhobo zesinyithi nazo ziya kwahluka. Iimpawu zoomatshini ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka: amandla, i-plasticity, ubulukhuni, ukuqina, ukumelana nempembelelo ezininzi kunye nomda wokudinwa. Ipropati nganye yoomatshini ixutyushwa ngokwahlukeneyo ngezantsi.

1. Amandla

Amandla abhekisa kubuchule bezinto zesinyithi bokumelana nomonakalo (ukuguqulwa kweplastiki okugqithisileyo okanye ukwaphuka) phantsi komthwalo ongashukumiyo. Ekubeni umthwalo usebenza ngendlela yokuxinana, ukucinezelwa, ukugoba, ukucheba, njl.njl., amandla ahlulwe ngokwama-tensile strength, ama-compressive strength, ama-flexural strength, njl.njl. Kudla ngokubakho ubudlelwane obuthile phakathi kwamandla ahlukeneyo. Ekusetyenzisweni, amandla okuxinana asetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengeyona index yamandla asisiseko.

2. Ukuqina kweplastiki

I-plasticity ibhekisa kubuchule bezinto zesinyithi bokuvelisa i-deformation yeplastiki (i-deformation engapheliyo) ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa phantsi komthwalo.

3. Ukuqina

Ubulukhuni buyindlela yokulinganisa ukuba izinto zesinyithi ziqine okanye zithambile kangakanani. Okwangoku, indlela esetyenziswa kakhulu yokulinganisa ubulukhuni ekuvelisweni yindlela yobunzima bokugoba, esebenzisa i-indenter yesimo esithile sejometri ukucinezela kumphezulu wezinto zesinyithi ezivavanywa phantsi komthwalo othile, kwaye ixabiso lobulukhuni lilinganiswa ngokusekwe kwinqanaba lokugoba.
Iindlela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ziquka ubulukhuni bukaBrinell (HB), ubulukhuni bukaRockwell (HRA, HRB, HRC) kunye nobulukhuni bukaVickers (HV).

4. Ukudinwa

Amandla, i-plasticity, kunye nobunzima ekuthethwe ngabo ngaphambili zonke zizikhombisi zokusebenza koomatshini kwesinyithi phantsi komthwalo ongashukumiyo. Enyanisweni, iindawo ezininzi zomatshini zisebenza phantsi komthwalo ojikelezayo, kwaye ukudinwa kuya kwenzeka kwiindawo phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo.

5. Ukuqina kwempembelelo

Umthwalo osebenza kwinxalenye yomatshini ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu ubizwa ngokuba ngumthwalo wempembelelo, kwaye amandla esinyithi okumelana nomonakalo phantsi komthwalo wempembelelo abizwa ngokuba bukuqina kwempembelelo.